The symbols
I = 1, V = 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100, D = 500, M = 1,000.
Rules
- Symbols are added from left to right: VI = 6, XX = 20.
- A smaller symbol before a bigger one is subtracted, only in six pairs: IV = 4, IX = 9, XL = 40, XC = 90, CD = 400, CM = 900.
- The same symbol is not repeated more than three times in a row: 4 is IV, not IIII.
Examples
2026 = MMXXVI (M + M + X + X + V + I). 1999 = MCMXCIX (M + CM + XC + IX). The biggest number in standard notation is 3999 = MMMCMXCIX.
Frequently asked questions
Why does it stop at 3999?
Standard Roman numerals have no symbol above M. Bigger numbers used a bar over the letter to multiply by 1,000.
Is there a zero in Roman numerals?
No. The Romans had no symbol for zero.
See also
Results are estimates for information only and are not financial, legal or medical advice. Rates, taxes and fees vary — confirm with a professional or your lender.